Is public Wi-Fi safe?

For most everyday browsing, usually yes. Most websites now encrypt the connection, so others on the same network cannot read what you send. The remaining risks are fake networks, fake login pages and unpatched devices. For banking or business admin, using your phone's mobile data is the simpler choice.

Why it is safer than it used to be

Years ago, much of what you sent over café Wi-Fi travelled unencrypted, so someone on the same network could see it. Today most websites and apps use encryption. The US Federal Trade Commission says that because encryption is so widespread, connecting through a public Wi-Fi network is usually safe. The padlock or https in your browser's address bar shows the connection to that site is encrypted.

The risks that remain

• Fake networks: a hotspot named to look like the café's or the airport's, set up by someone else.
• Fake websites: encryption protects data on the way, but not from a scam site at the other end.
• Out-of-date devices: an unpatched laptop or phone is easier to attack on any network.
• Shoulder surfing: someone simply watching your screen or your password being typed.

Simple habits

1. 1Check the network nameAsk staff for the exact name rather than picking the strongest signal.
2. 2Use mobile data for sensitive tasksBanking, payroll and admin logins are simpler on your phone's own data or a hotspot from it.
3. 3Type addresses yourselfGo to your bank or email directly instead of through links or pop-ups.
4. 4Keep devices updatedUpdates close the gaps attackers look for.
5. 5Forget the network afterwardsSo your device does not join it, or a copy of it, automatically next time.

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What about a VPN?

A VPN encrypts everything between your device and the VPN provider, which adds protection on a network you do not trust. It also means the VPN provider can see your traffic instead, so choose a reputable one. For most small businesses, encrypted websites, two-step verification and updated devices matter more than a VPN. If your business provides a VPN for remote access to its systems, use it whenever you work away from the office.

Frequently asked questions